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Bullying is not a normal part of childhood, and children who experience bullying may continue to feel its effects into adulthood.
"Being the target of a bully involves real suffering," says Earlene Strayhorn, M.D., a child and adolescent psychiatrist at Loyola University in Chicago. "The constant stress of physical assaults, threats, coercion, and intimidation can take a heavy toll on a child's psyche over time."
Children and teens who are bullied are at higher risk for depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems, as well as headaches and difficulties at school, the CDC says. And kids who are themselves bullies are at increased risk for substance use, academic difficulties, and violence as they grow older.
Unfortunately, bullying is common. About 20 percent of high school students say they have been bullied at school, and the incidence is even higher among middle school students, the CDC says.
Because bullies thrive on intimidation and control, they often target those who are timid, passive, and have fewer friends. They also choose victims who are younger, smaller, and less able to defend themselves. Over time, Dr. Strayhorn says, a bullied child's sense of self-esteem and self-worth can suffer, resulting in withdrawal, depression, and insecurity.
"There have even been a number of instances in which victims have committed or attempted suicide in a desperate effort to find reprieve from bullying," Dr. Strayhorn says. "Some victims have violently struck back at their tormentors, in some cases targeting innocent bystanders."
What's a parent to do? The American Academy of Pediatrics offers these suggestions:
- Tell your child that it's OK to ask for help. Make sure your child knows that he or she is not at fault for being bullied. Encourage him or her to ask an adult for help if bullying occurs.
- Promote friendships. Encourage your child to join a group - either at school or in the community - where he or she can make friends. Loners are at greater risk for bullying.
- Help build skills. A child who plays a musical instrument or is an integral part of a sports team has specific abilities to feel good about and is less likely to be bullied.
Always talk with your health care provider to find out more information.
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